Excerpts containing language examples from the original historical documents are provided below. These documents should be used with caution, as each author wrote down the words as they heard them, not necessarily as the Waⁿdat language works. The various authors, almost none of whom spoke Waⁿdat, usually disagreed with each other writing the same word, except for those cases when a later author simply copied an earlier one.
Adelung, Johann Christoph, and Johann Severin Vater. 1816. Mithridates oder allgemeine Sprachenkunde mit dem Vater Unser als Sprachprobe in bey nahe fünf hundert Sprachen und Mundarten. Mit Benützung einiger Papiere desselben fortgesetzt und aus zum Theil ganz neuen oder wenig bekannten Hülfsmitteln bearbeitet. Berlin: Vossischen Buchhandlung. ADELUNG&VATER1816
Anderson, Joseph. 1873. The Huron Language and Some of the Huron-Iroquois Traditions. Proceedings of the American Philological Association 5.23-25. ANDERSON1873
Assall, Friedrich Wilhelm. 1827. Nachrichten über die früheren Einwohner von Nordamerika und ihre Denkmäler, gesammelt von Friedrich Wilhelm Assall, Berghauptmann des Staates Pennsylvanien. Herausgegeben mit einem Vorberichte von Franz Joseph Mone, ord. Prof. der Geschichte und Statistik zu Heidelberg. Mit einem Atlas von 12 Steintafeln. Heidelberg: August Oßwalds Universitäts Buchhandlung. ASSAL1827
Balbi, Adrien. 1826. Atlas ethnographique du globe, ou classification des peuples anciens et modernes d’après leurs langues, précédé d’un discours sur l’utilité et l’importance de l’étude des langues appliquée à plusieurs branches des connaissances humaines; d’un aperçu sur les moyens graphiques employés par les différens peuples de la terre; d’un coup-d’œil sur l’histoire de la langue slave, et sur la marche progressive de la civilisation et de la littérature en Russie, avec environs sept cents vocabulaires des principaux idiomes connus, et suivi du tableau physique, moral et politique des cinq parties du monde. Paris: Rey et Gravier. BALBI1826
Barbeau, Marius. 1914. Supernatural Beings of the Huron and Wyandot. American Anthropologist 16.288-313. MB1914:Supernatural (with thanks to Anthrosource)
Barbeau, Marius. 1915. Classification of Iroquoian Radicals with Subjective Pronominal Prefixes. Canada Department of Mines Geological Survey Memoir 46, Anthropological Series 7. Ottawa: Government Printing Bureau. MB1915:Classification
Barbeau, Marius. 1915. Wyandot Tales, Including Foreign Elements. Journal of American Folklore 28.83-95. MB1915:ForeignElements (with thanks to the American Folklore Society)
Barbeau, Marius. 1915. Huron and Wyandot Mythology: With an Appendix Containing Earlier Published Records. Canada Department of Mines Geological Survey Memoir 80, Anthropological Series 11. Ottawa: Government Printing Bureau. MB1915:Mythology
Barbeau, Marius. 1959. The Language of Canada in the Voyages of Jacques Cartier (1534-1538). National Museum of Canada Bulletin 173.108-229. MB1959:Canada Part1, Part2
Barbeau, Marius. N.d. Canadian Museum of History, Marius Barbeau Collection. [These are Marius Barbeau’s mostly handwritten research and field notes, stored at the Canadian Museum of History. These were not intended for publication and so are not cleaned up for general use. If you plan to use these, use extreme caution, particularly if you do not already have a deep understanding of how the language works.] (with thanks to the Canadian Museum of History)
- Canadian Museum of History, Marius Barbeau Collection: MB:B-G-4.12.
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- Canadian Museum of History, Marius Barbeau Collection: MB:B-G-6.9.
- Canadian Museum of History, Marius Barbeau Collection: MB:B-G-8.20.
- Canadian Museum of History, Marius Barbeau Collection: MB:B-G-15.2.
- Canadian Museum of History, Marius Barbeau Collection: MB:B-G-15.4.
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- Canadian Museum of History, Marius Barbeau Collection: MB:B-G-15.5.
- Canadian Museum of History, Marius Barbeau Collection: MB:B-G-22.2.
- Canadian Museum of History, Marius Barbeau Collection: MB:B-G-24.1-3.
- Canadian Museum of History, Marius Barbeau Collection: MB:B-G-24.5.
- Canadian Museum of History, Marius Barbeau Collection: MB:B-G-24.15.
- Canadian Museum of History, Marius Barbeau Collection: MB:B-G-28.1-31.
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- Canadian Museum of History, Marius Barbeau Collection: MB:B-G-88.5.
- Canadian Museum of History, Marius Barbeau Collection: MB:B-G-96.2.
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- Huron-Wyandot Dictionary, Canadian Museum of Civilization, Archives, Ethnology records Collection, Ms: III-I-160M.
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Barton, Benjamin Smith. 1797. New Views of the Origin of the Tribes and Nations of America. Philadelphia: John Bioren. BARTON1797
Buschmann, Johann Carl Eduard. 1853. Über den Naturlaut. Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Abhandlungen aus dem Jahre 1852 3.391-423. BUSCHMANN1853
Campbell, John. 1879. Hittites in America. Canadian Naturalist and Quarterly Journal of Science 9.345-367. CAMPBELL1879:Hittites
Campbell, John. 1879. On the Origin of Some American Indian Tribes. Canadian Naturalist and Quarterly Journal of Science 9.193-212. CAMPBELL1879:Origin
Campbell, John. 1884. Asiatic Tribes in North America. Canadian Institute Proceedings 1.171-206. CAMPBELL1884:Asiatic
Cass, Lewis. 1823. Inquiries Respecting the History, Traditions, Languages, Manners, Customs, Religion, &c. of the Indians, Living Within the United States. Detroit: Sheldon and Reed. CASS1823
Clarke, Peter Dooyentate. 1870. Origin and Traditional History of the Wyandotts, and Sketches of Other Indian Tribes of North America. True Traditional Stories of Tecumseh and His League, in the Years 1811 and 1812. Toronto: Hunter, Rose & Co. CLARKE1870
Connelley, William Elsey. 1899. Notes on the Folk-Lore of the Wyandots. Journal of American Folklore 12.116-125. CONNELEY1899a
Connelley, William. 1899. Wyandot Folk-Lore. Twentieth Century Classics Vol. 1 No. 3. Topeka, Kansas: Crane & Company. CONNELLEY1899b
Connelley, William Elsey. 1900. The Wyandots. Archeological Report of the Minister of Education Annual Reports 1899.92-123. CONNELLEY1900
Connelley, William Elsey. 1920. Origin of the Indian Names of the States of Iowa, Missouri, Mississippi, Ohio, and Kentucky. Also of the Rivers Ohio, Mississippi, Missouri, and Neosho. Ms. #U.S. Mss 6F. State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. CONNELLEY1920 Part1, Part2, Part3, Part4 (with thanks to the Wisconsin Historical Society)
Finley, James Bradley. 1840. History of the Wyandott Mission, at Upper Sandusky, Ohio, Under the Direction of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Cincinnati: J.F. Wright & L. Swormstedt, for the Methodist Episcopal Church. FINLEY1840
Finley, James Bradley. 1859. Life Among the Indians; or, Personal Reminiscences and Historical Incidents Illustrative of Indian Life and Character. Cincinnati: Cranston and Curts. FINLEY1859
Gallatin, Albert. 1836. A Synopsis of the Indian Tribes within the United States East of the Rocky Mountains, and in the British and Russian Possessions in North America. Transactions and Collections of the American Antiquarian Society 2.1-422. GALLATIN1836
Gallatin, Albert. 1848. Hale’s Indians of North-West America, and Vocabularies of North America; with an Introduction. Transactions of the American Ethnological Society 2.xxiii-clxxxviii, 1-130. GALLATIN1848
Gatschet, Albert Samuel. 1881. Linguistic Notes: Wandót. American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal 3.249-50. GATSCHET1881:Wandot
Gatschet, Albert Samuel. 1885. On the Affinity of the Cheroki to the Iroquois Dialects. Proceedings of the American Philological Association 16.xl-xlv. GATSCHET1885
Haldeman, Samuel Stehman. 1847. On the Phonology of the Wyandots. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 4.268-9. HALDEMAN1847
Haldeman, Samuel Stehman. 1850. On Some Points of Linguistic Ethnology: With Illustrations, Chiefly from the Aboriginal Languages of America. Transactions and Collections of the American Antiquarian Society 2.423-26. HALDEMAN1850
Haldeman, Samuel Stehman. 1860. Analytic Orthography: An Investigation of the Sounds of the Voice, and Their Alphabetic Notation; Including the Mechanism of Speech, and Its Bearing Upon Etymology. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. HALDEMAN1860
Hale, Horatio Emmon. 1883. Indian Migrations, as Evidenced by Language. American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal 5.18-28, 108-24. HALE1883
Hale, Horatio Emmon. 1885. A Comparative Vocabulary of Words in the ‘Language of Hochelaga and Canada’ as Given by Cartier, and the Corresponding Words in the Language of the Wyandot (or Wendat) Indians Residing on the Reserve in the Township of Anderdon near Amherstbury, Ontario. In: Daniel Wilson. 1884. The Huron-Iroquois of Canada, A Typical Race of American Aborigines. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada / Déliberations et mémoires de la Société royale du Canada 2.55-106. HALE1885
Howse, J. 1850. Vocabularies of Certain North American Indian Languages. Proceedings of the Philological Society 4.102-22. HOWSE1850
Johnston, John. 1820. Account of the Present State of the Indian Tribes Inhabiting Ohio. Transactions and Collections of the American Antiquarian Society 1.269-99. JOHNSTON1820
Latham, Robert Gordon. 1846. Miscellaneous Contributions to the Ethnography of North America. Proceedings of the Philological Society 28.31-50. LATHAM1846
Latham, Robert Gordon. 1862. Elements of Comparative Philology. London: Walton and Maberly. LATHAM1862
McIntosh, John. 1843. The Origin of the North American Indians; with a Faithful Description of Their Manners and Customs, Both Civil and Military, Their Religions, Languages, Dress, and Ornaments; Including Various Specimens of Indian Eloquence, as Well as Historical and Biographical Sketches of Almost All the Distinguished Nations and Celebrated Warriors, Statesmen and Orators, Among the Indians of North America. New York: Nafis and Cornish. MCINTOSH1843
Morgan, Lewis Henry. 1868-1870. Indian Migrations. North American Review. MORGAN1868
Morgan, Lewis Henry. 1871. Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 17. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. MORGAN1871
Morgan, Lewis Henry. 1877. Ancient Society or Researches in the Lines of Human Progress from Savagery, through Barbarism to Civilization. New York: Henry Holt and Co. MORGAN1877
Narrative of a Journey to Sandusky, Ohio to Visit the Wyandot Indians Residing There. 1835. [Philadelphia]: [Printed for the editors by J. Richards]. Narrative1835
National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution. [These materials have not been evaluated or edited for publication. Copies are provided here for research purposes only. Any other use may require written permission from the repository. Please contact the National Anthropological Archives and the National Museum of Natural History’s Recovering Voices Program for more information]
- Gatschet, Albert Samuel. 1881. [“Wandot” (Wyandot) Vocabulary. Wyandot Reserve, Indian Territory, January 8, February 7, March 15, 1881]. Ms. #1549, Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives.
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- Hewitt, John Napoleon Brinton. N.d. Wyandot Vocabulary, Clan Names, and Personal Names Belonging to Clans, Apparently from a Manuscript by William E. Connelley. Ms. #2397. Bureau of American Ethnology Archives.
- Hewitt, John Napoleon Brinton. 1894. Wyandot Vocabulary. Ms. #2865. Smithsonian Institution National Anthropological Archives.
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- Hewitt, John Napoleon Brinton. N.d. Wyandotte Word List. Ms. #3492. Smithsonian Institution National Anthropological Archives.
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- Hewitt, John Napoleon Brinton. N.d. Huron, Erie or Cat Nation. Ms. #3583. Smithsonian Institution National Anthropological Archives.
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- Wyandot Vocabulary. Manuscript 4868. Smithsonian Institution National Anthropological Archives.
Parsons, James. 1767. Remains of Japhet: Being Historical Enquiries into the Affinity and Origin of the European Languages. London: L. Davis and C. Reymers. JPARSONS1767
Parsons, Samuel H. 1793. Discoveries Made in the Western Country. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 2.119-127. SPARSONS1793
Pickering, John. 1884. Ueber die indianischen Sprachen Amerikas. Aus dem Englichen des Nordamerikaners Herrn John Pickering übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen begleitet von Talvj. [Mrs. T.A. Robinson]. Leipzig: Freidr. Christ. Wilh. Vogel. PICKERING1884
Powell, John Wesley. 1881. Wyandotte Government, a Short Study of Tribal Society, Delivered at the Boston Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, August 1, 1880. Science 1.205-209. POWELL1881
[Review of] “Historical Notes Respecting the Indians of North America, with Remarks on the Attempts Made to Convert and Civilise Them,” by John Halkett (London, 1825) [and Review of] “Manners and Customs of Several Indian Tribes, Located West of the Mississippi, Including Some Account of the Soil, Climate, and Vegetable Productions; and the Indian Materia Medica; to Which Is Prefixed the History of the Author’s Life, During a Residence of Several Years Among Them,” by John D. Hunter (Philadelphia, 1823). 1826. North American Review 22.53-119. Review1826
Schomburgk, Robert H. 1848. Contributions to the Philological Ethnography of South America. Proceedings of the Philological Society 3.228-237. SCHOMBURGK1848
Schoolcraft, Henry R. 1847. Notes on the Iroquois; or Contributions to American History, Antiquities, and General Ethnology. Albany: Erastus H. Pease and Company. SCHOOLCRAFT1847
Seitz, Don Carlos; [B] N O Walker; and Mary McKee. 1890-1935. The Wyandots: being the history of an American Indian Nation whose warriors never surrendered. Ohio History Connection. Ms. VOL 710. WALKER1935
Slight, Benjamin. 1844. Indian Researches; or, Facts Concerning the North American Indians; Including Notices of Their Present State of Improvement, in Their Social, Civil, and Religious Condition; with Hints for Their Future Advancement. Montreal: J. E. L. Miller. SLIGHT1844
Treaties between the United States of America, and the Several Indian tribes, from 1778 to 1837: with a Copious Table of Contents. New Edition, Carefully Compared with the Originals in the Department of State. Compiled and Printed by the Direction, and under the Supervision, of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 1837. Washington: Langtree and O’Sullivan. Treaties1837
Vater, Johann Severin. 1810. Untersuchungen über Amerika’s Bevölkerung aus dem alten Kontinente dem Herrn Kammerherrn Alexander von Humboldt gewidmet von Johann Severin Vater Professor und Bibliothekar. Leipzig: Freidrich Christian Wilhelm Vogel. VATER1810
Walker, William. 1852. Numerals of the Wyandot. In Schoolcraft (1852). Historical and Statistical Information Respecting the History, Condition, and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the United States. Pt. 2. 218-220. WALKER1852
Weiser, Conrad. 1756. Table of the Names of Numbers of Several Indian Nations. Gentleman’s Magazine 26.386. WEISER1756
Wilson, Daniel. 1884. The Huron-Iroquois of Canada, A Typical Race of American Aborigines. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada / Déliberations et mémoires de la Société royale du Canada 2.55-106. WILSON1884
Wyandot Language Papers. N.d. Ms. 2 pp. #VFM 1846. Ohio History Collection. Columbus, Ohio. FINLEY182xPaternoster (originally from Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center)