Expressing Feelings in the Wyandot Language
Wyandot Verb Structural Positions
Position Name
- Pre-Pronominal Prefixes
- Pronominal Prefixes
- Voice (reflexive/semi-reflexive)
- Noun Root or Noun Stem (verb root +nominalizer)
- Noun Suffix
- Verb Root
- Root Suffix
- Aspect
- Aspect Suffix
Afraid
ayakerǫdih I am, I became afraid
[ah-yah-keh-ron-deeh]
y- 1st person singular agent, ‘I’
-akerǫ- verb root ‘to be afraid’
-ndi- inchoative root suffix
-h stative aspect
Kwižuh šakerǫdih Are you afraid?
[kwee-zhooh]
[yes-no question]
šakerǫdih You are afraid.
[shah-keh-ron-deeh]
š- 2nd person singular agent, ‘you (s)’
-akerǫ- verb root ‘to be afraid’
-ndi- inchoative root suffix
-h stative aspect
hakerǫdih He is afraid.
[hah-keh-ron-deeh]
h- masculine singular agent ‘he’
-akerǫ- verb root ‘to be afraid’
-ndi- inchoative root suffix
-h stative aspect
akerǫdih She is afraid.
[ah-keh-ron-deeh]
-akerǫ- feminine-zoic agent ‘she’ + verb root ‘to be afraid’
-ndi- inchoative root suffix
-h stative aspect
Angry
ayatriwahšęh I am bad-mattered, angry.
[ah-yah-tree-wah-shenh]
ay- 1st person patient. ‘I’
-at- semireflexive voice
-riw- noun root ‘matter, affair’
-a- noun suffix
-ahšę- verb root ‘to be bad’
-h stative aspect
kwižuh satriwahšęh Are you (s) bad-mattered, angry?
satriwahšęh You (s) are angry.
[sah-tree-wah-senh]
s- 2nd person singular patient, ‘you (s)‘
-at- semireflexive voice
-riw- noun root ‘matter, affair’
-a- noun suffix
-ahšę- verb root ‘to bad’
-h stative aspect
hutriwahšęh He is bad-mattered, angry about something.
[hoo-tree-wah-sheh]
hu- masculine singular patient, ‘he’
-t- semireflexive voice
-riw- noun root ‘matter, affair’
-a- noun suffix
-ahšę- verb root ‘to bad’
-h stative aspect
utriwahšęh She is bad-mattered, angry about something.
[oo-tree-wah-shenh]
u- feminine-zoic patient, ‘she’
-t- semireflexive voice
-riw- noun root ‘matter, affair’
-a- noun suffix
-ahšę- verb root ‘to be bad’
-h stative aspect
Ashamed
ayatehędi I feel ashamed.
[ah-yah-teh-hen-dee]
ay- 1st person patient, ‘I’
-atehę- verb root ‘to be ashamed’
-d- inchoative root suffix
-i stative aspect
kwižuh sayatehędi Do you (s) feel ashamed.
sayatehędi You (s) feel ashamed.
[sah-yah-teh-heen-dee]
s- 2nd person patient, ‘you (s)
-atehę- verb root ‘to be ashamed’
-d- inchoative root suffix
-i stative aspect
hutehędi He feels ashamed.
[hoo-teh-hendee]
hu- masculine singular patient, ‘he’
-tehę- verb root ‘to be ashamed’
-d- inchoative root suffix
-i stative aspect
utehędi She feels ashamed.
[oo-teh-hen-dee]
u- feminine-zoic singular patient, ‘she’
-tehę- verb root ‘to be ashamed’
-d- inchoative root suffix
-i stative aspect
Happy
yatǫtara I am happy, on top of life.
[yah-ton-tah-rah]
y- 1st person singular agent, ‘I’
-at- semireflexive voice
–ǫt- noun root ‘life’
-a- noun suffix
-ra verb root ‘to be on top of’ + stative aspect
Kwižuh šatǫtara Are you (s) happy?
šatǫtara You are happy.
[shah-ton-tah-rah]
š- 2nd person agent, ‘you (s)’
-at- semireflexive voice
–ǫt- noun root ‘life’
-a- noun suffix
-ra verb root ‘to be on top of’ + stative aspect
hatǫtara He is happy, on top of life.
[hah-ton-tah-rah]
h- masculine singular agent, ‘he’
-at- semireflexive voice
–ǫt- noun root ‘life’
-a- noun suffix
-ra verb root ‘to be on top of’ + stative aspect
atǫtara She is happy, on top of life.
at- feminine-zoic singular agent, ‘she’ + semireflexive voice
–ǫt- noun root ‘life’
-a- noun suffix
-ra verb root ‘to be on top of’ + stative aspect
Like and Dislike
ayǫmeskwądih I am pleased with it. I like it.
[ah-yon-meh-skwan-deeh]
ay- 1st person singular patient, ‘I’
-ǫˀmeskwą- verb root ‘to please, be pleased’
-di- dative root suffix
-h stative aspect
Kwižuh sǫmeskwądih Are you pleased with it? Do you like it?
sǫmeskwądih You are pleased with it. You like it.
[son-meh-skwan-deeh]
s- 2nd person singular patient, ‘you (s)’
-ǫˀmeskwą- verb root ‘to please, be pleased’
-di- dative root suffix
-h stative aspect
haǫmeskwądih He is pleased with it. He likes it.
[hah-on-meh-skwan-deeh]
ha- masculine singular patient, ‘he’
-ǫˀmeskwą- verb root ‘to please, be pleased’ [o- conjugation]
-di- dative root suffix
-h stative aspect
aǫmeskwądih She is pleased with it. She likes it.
[ah-on-meh-skwan-deeh]
a- feminine-zoic singular patient, ‘she’
ǫˀmeskwą- vr ‘to please, be pleased’
-di- dative root suffix
-h stative aspect
ayeskwahę I dislike, hate it.
[ah-yeh-skwah-hen]
aye- 1st person singular patient, ‘I’
-skwahę– verb root ‘to dislike, hate’ + stative aspect
kwižuh saskwahę Do you dislike it?
saskwahę You dislike it.
[sah-skwah-hen]
sa- 2nd person singular patient, ‘you’
-skwahę– verb root ‘to dislike, hate’ + stative aspect
huskwahę He dislikes it.
[hoo-skwah-hen]
hu- masculine singular patient ‘he’
-skwahę– verb root ‘to dislike, hate’ + stative aspect
uskwahę She dislikes it.
[oo-skwah-hen]
u- feminine-zoic singular patient, ‘she’
skwahę– verb root ‘to dislike, hate’ + stative aspect
Love
yendurǫkwa I often love her. I often love it
[yen-doo-ron-kwah]
ye- 1st person singular agent + feminine-zoic singular patient, ‘I to her/it’
-ndurǫ- verb root ‘to be valuable, valued;
-kw- instrumental root suffix
-a habitual aspect
yǫndurǫkwa You (s) are valued by me; I love you.
[yon-doo-ron-kwah]
yǫ- 1st person singular agent + 2nd person singular patient, ‘I to you’
-ndurǫ- verb root ‘to be valuable, valued’
-kw- instrumental root suffix
-a habitual aspect
Proud
yenęˀądaeˀ I am proud.
[yeh-nen-en-an-dah-eh-eh]
ye- 1st person singular agent, ‘I’
-nęˀądae- verb root ‘to be proud’
-ˀ stative aspect
yǫnęˀądaęndih I am proud of you
[yon-nen-en-an-dah-en-deeh]
yǫ- 1st person singular agent + 2nd person singular patient ‘I to you’
-nęˀądaę– verb root ‘to be proud’
-ndi- dative root suffix
-h stative aspect
Kwižuh šanęˀądaeˀ Are you proud?
šanęˀądaeˀ You (s) are proud?
[shah-nen-en-an-dah-eh-eh]
ša- 2nd person singular agent, ‘you (s)’
-nęˀądaę– verb root ‘to be proud’
-ndi- dative root suffix
-h stative aspect
skenęˀądaeˀ I am very proud, arrogant.
[skeh-nen-en-an-dah-en-en]
s- repetitive pre-pronominal prefix,‘very’
-ke- 1st person singular agent, ‘I’
-nęˀądaę– verb root ‘to be proud’
-ˀ stative aspect
Sad
ayendiyǫrašęh I am sad, I have bad thoughts.
[ah-yen-dee-yon-rah-shenh]
aye- 1st person singular patient, ‘I’
-ndiyǫr- noun root ‘mind, thoughts’
-a- noun suffix
-šę- verb root ‘to be bad’
-h stative aspect
Kwižuh sandiyǫrašęh Are you sad?
sandiyǫrašęh You are sad.
[san-dee-yon-rah-shenh]
sa- 2nd person singular patient, ‘you (s)’
-ndiyǫr- noun root ‘mind, thoughts’
-a- noun suffix
-šę- verb root ‘to be bad’
-h stative aspect
hundiyǫrašęh He is sad
[hoon-dee-yon-rah-shenh]
hu- masculine singular patient, ‘he’
-ndiyǫr- noun root,‘mind, thoughts’
-a- noun suffix
-šę- verb root ‘to be bad’
-h stative aspect
undiyǫrašęh She is sad
[oon-deeh-yon-rah-shenh]
hu- feminine-zoic singular patient, ‘she’
–ndiyǫr- noun root ‘mind, thoughts’
-a- noun suffix
-šę- verb root ‘to be bad’
-h stative aspect
Shy, Cautious
yasamęhreˀ I am feeling shy, cautious, timid.
[yah-sah-men-hreh]
y- 1st person singular agent, ‘I’
-asamęhre- verb root ‘to be shy, cautious, timid’
-ˀ stative aspect
kwižuh šasamęhreˀ Are you feeling shy, cautious, timid?
šasamęhreˀ You are feeling shy, cautious, timid.
[shah-sah-men-hreh-eh]
š- 2nd person singular agent, ‘you (s)’
-asamęhre- verb root ‘to be shy, cautious timid’
-ˀ stative aspect
hasamęhreˀ He is feeling shy, cautious, timid.
[hah-sah-men-hreh-eh]
h- masculine singular agent, ‘he’
-asamęhre- verb root, ‘to be shy, cautious timid’
-ˀ stative aspect
asamęhreˀ She is feeling shy, cautious, timid.
[ah-sah-men-hreh-eh]
-asamęhre- feminine-zoic singular agent ‘she’ + verb root ‘to be shy, cautious timid’
-ˀ stative aspect
Sorry
yetatęˀ I am sorry, feel regret
[yeh-tah-ten-en]
ye- 1st person singular agent, ‘I’
-tatę- verb root ‘to feel sorry, regret’
-ˀ stative aspect
kwižuh šetatęˀ Are you sorry, feeling regret
šetatęˀ You are sorry, feeling regret.
[sheh-tah-ten-en]
še- 2nd person singular agent, ‘you (s)’
-tatę- verb root ‘to feel sorry, regret’
-ˀ stative aspect
hatatęˀ He is sorry, feeling regret.
[hah-tah-ten-en]
ha- masculine singular agent, ‘he’
-tatę- verb root ‘to feel sorry, regret’
-ˀ stative aspect
yatatęˀ She is sorry, feeling regret.
[ah-tah-ten-en]
ya- feminine-zoic singular agent, ‘she’
-tatę- verb root ‘to feel sorry, regret’
-ˀ stative aspect
Tired
ayatǫmęndih I feel tired
[ah-yah-ton-men-deeh]
ay- 1st person singular patient, ‘I’
-atǫmę- verb root ‘to be tired’
-ndi- dative root suffix
-h stative aspect
kwižuh satǫmęndih Do you feel tired.
satǫmęndih You feel tired.
[sah-ton-men-deeh]
s- second person singular patient, ‘you (s)’
-atǫmę- verb root ‘to be tired’
-ndi- dative root suffix
-h stative aspect
hutǫmęndih He feels tired.
[hoo-ton-men-deeh]
hu- masculine singular patient, ‘he’
-atǫmę- verb root ‘to be tired’
-ndi- dative root suffix
-h stative aspect
utǫmęndih She feels tired.
[oo-ton-men-deeh]
u- feminine-zoic singular patient, ‘she’
-atǫmę- verb root ‘to be tired’
-ndi- dative root suffix
-h stative aspect