Masculine Dual and Plural Agents
Masculine Dual Agent
hižaˀahah They two (m) (are) children.
[hee-zhah-ah-hah]
hi- masculine dual agent – they two (m)
-žaˀah- noun root – child
-ah noun suffix
aˀžatriwihšęˀ They two[1] (m) finished a matter, made a decision.
[ah-ah-zha-tree-weeh-shen-en]
aˀ- factual
-ž- masculine dual agent – they two (m)
-at- semi-reflexive voice
-riw- noun root – matter, affair
-ihš- verb root – to finish
-ęˀ punctual aspect
hiwey They two (m) are together, her spouse, his spouse.
[hee-wehy]
hi- masculine dual agent – they (m) two
-we- verb root – to be together
-y stative aspect
hndeˀ They two (m) go.
[hn-deh-eh]
hnd- masculine dual agent – they (m) two
-e- verb root – to go, come
-h purposive aspect
ehnǫndaǫˀ They two (m) have as home
[eh-hnon-dah-on-on]
e- partitive
-hn- masculine dual agent – they (m) two
-ǫndaǫ- verb root – to have as home
-ˀ stative aspect
Masculine Plural Agent
There is variety in the forms taken by the masculine plural agent with the different conjugations. The consonant conjugation takes -hati-, the a- conjugation takes -hǫ-, and the other three take -hen-, -hę- or -hend- when not followed by a nasal vowel.
hatindareˀ They (m) live (together).
[hah-teen-dah-reh-eh]
hati- masculine plural agent – they (m) consonant conjugation
-ndare- verb root – to live
-ˀ stative aspect
hǫteyęˀąhą They (m) are siblings
[hon-teh-yen-en-han]
hǫ- masculine plural agent – they (m) a- conjugation
-te- semi-reflexive voice
-yę- verb root – to be siblings
-ˀ- stative aspect
-ąha diminutive aspect suffix
ąˀhędeht They (m) went to a place.
[an-an-hen-deht]
ąˀ- factual
-hęd- masculine plural agent – they (m) e- conjugation
-e- verb root – to go
-ht causative root suffix + punctual aspect
ahendihǫˀ They (m) said.
[ah-hen-dee-hon-on]
a- factual
-hend- masculine plural agent – they (m) a- conjugation
-ihǫ- verb root – to say
-ˀ punctual aspect
henǫmęnyęhtiˀ They (m) are young men.
[hen-on-men-yen-tee-ee]
hen- masculine plural agent – they (m) o- conjugation
-ǫmęnyęhti- verb root – to be a young man
-ˀ stative aspect
With Masculine Singular Patient -hǫmą-
hǫmąyuwanęh They (m) have him as large, he is the chief.
[hon-man-yoo-wan-enh]
hǫmą- masculine plural agent + masculine singular patient – they -him
-yuwanę- verb root – to be large
-h stative aspect
With Masculine Plural Patient -hǫmąti-
hǫmątingyah They (m) are chasing them (m).
[hon-man-teen-gyah]
hǫmati- masculine plural agent + masculine plural patient – they – them
-ngya- verb root – to chase
-h habitual aspect
With Feminine-Zoic Singular Patient -yǫmą-
aˀyǫmąaˀtateyat They (m) burned her body
[ah-ah-yon-man-ah-ah-tah-teh-yaht]
aˀ- factual
-yǫmą- masculine plural agent + feminine-zoic singular patient – they – her/it
-aˀt- noun root – body
-atey- verb root – to burn
-at causative root suffix + punctual aspect
With Feminine-Zoic Plural Patient -yǫmati- or yǫmąti
ayǫmatinyęšraˀ They (m) skinned them (f).
[ah-yon-mah-teen-yen-shrah-ah]
a- factual
-yǫmati- masculine plural agent + feminine-zoic plural patient – they – them
-nyęšra- verb root – to skin
-ˀ punctual aspect
With Indefinite Patient – hayu-
ahayumąturęhaˀ They (m) found someone.
[ah-hah-yoo-man-too-ren-hah-ah]
a- factual
-hayum- masculine plural agent + indefinite patient – them – someone
-ąt- noun root – body
-urę- verb root – to find
-hą- inchoative root suffix
-ˀ punctual aspect
With First Person Singular Patient –hǫye-
tehǫyehkwandihaˀkyeˀ They (m) go take it from me
[teh-hon-yeh-kwan-dee-hah-ah-kyeh-eh]
te- dualic
-hǫye- masculine plural agent + 1st person singular patient – they – me
-hkwa- verb root – to take
-nd- dative root suffix
-i- stative aspect
-haˀky- progressive root suffix
-eˀ purposive aspect
With Second Person Singular Patient – hes(a)-
sahesaˀtǫtiˀ They (m) abandoned you again.
[sah-heh-sah-ah-ton-tee-ee]
s- repetitive
-a- factual
-hes- masculine plural agent + 2nd person singular patient
-aˀt- noun root – body
-ǫti- verb root – to abandon
-ˀ punctual aspect
[1] As presented in the Narratives, in this case one of the two is a woman.