Masculine Singular Agent -h-
Masculine Singular Agent with Feminine-Zoic Patient or no Patient
These forms take -h-, with an -a- added with the consonant conjugation. With the u- conjugation the words take -r- instead of -h-.
ru[1]meh He is human.
[roo-meh]
r- masculine singular agent – he
ume- verb root – to be human
-h stative aspect
ahęnhaǫˀ He said.
[ah-hen-hah-on-on]
a- factual
-h- masculine singular agent
-ęnhaǫ- verb root – to say-
-ˀ punctual aspect
sahanyǫnt He took her back with him
[sah-han-yont]
s- repetitive – back
-a- factual
-ha- masculine-singular agent + feminine-zoic patient
-nyǫnt verb root – to take along + punctual aspect
Masculine Singular Agent with Masculine Singular Patient: -hu-
huˀistęˀ He is father to him; his father.
[hoo-oo-ee-sten-en]
hu- masculine singular agent + masculine singular patient – he – him
-ˀistę- verb root – to be father to
-ˀ stative aspect
ahukaratat He took care of him.
[ah-hoo-kah-rah-taht]
a- factual
-hu- masculine singular agent + masculine singular patient – he – him
-karatat verb root – to take care of + punctual aspect
hamęmątęˀą He has him as nephew.
[hah-men-man-ten-en-an]
ham- masculine singular agent + masculine singular patient – he – him
-ęmątę- verb root – to have as nephew
-ˀ- stative aspect
-ą dimunitive aspect suffix
huwendaǫˀ He seized him.
[hoo-wen-dah-on-on]
huw- masculine singular agent + masculine singular patient
-endaǫ- verb root – to seize
-ˀ stative aspect
Masculine Singular Agent + Masculine Plural or Feminine Plural Patient or -hayǫ-
ahayǫnǫtęheˀ He came to give them (m).
[ah-hah-yon-non-teh-heh-eh]
a- factual
-hayǫ- masculine singular agent + masculine plural patient– he – them
-nǫt- verb root – to give
-ęh- disclocative root suffix
-ęˀ purposive aspect
ahayǫnyǫht ndiwinǫh
he takes them along they (f) two are young women
ahayǫnyǫht He takes them (f) along
[ah-hah-yon-nyonht]
a- factual
-hayǫ- masculine singular agent + feminine-zoic plural patient – he -them
-nyǫht verb root – to take along + punctual aspect
Masculine Singular Agent with Indefinite Patient -sayu-
tehsayumehtiˀ He did not hit them (ind) (for some reason).
[teh-sah-yoo-meh-tee-ee]
teh- negative
-sayum- masculine singular agent + Indefinite patient – he – them
-e- verb root – to hit (a- conjugation)
-ht- causative root suffix
-iˀ stative aspect
esayužuˀ He will kill them (ind).
[eh-sah-yoo-zhoo-oo]
e- future
-sayu- masculine singular agent + indefinite patient – he – them
-žu- verb root – to kill
-ˀ punctual aspect
Masculine Singular Agent with 1st Person Singular Patient – hay(e)-
usahayenyǫnt He would take me back.
[oo-sah-hah-yen-yont]
u- factual
-s- repetitive – back
-a- factual
-haye- masculine singular agent + 1st person singular patient – he – me
-nyǫnt- verb root – to take along + punctual aspect
Masculine Singular Agent with 1st Person Plural Patient
sǫmąhšutaˀah He is our grandparent, our grandfather.
[son-manh-shoo-tah-ah-ah]
sǫm- masculine singular agent + 1st person plural patient
-ąhšut- verb root – to be grandparent to-
-aˀ- stative aspect
-ah diminutive aspect suffix
Masculine Singular Agent with 2nd Person Singular Patient: -ž(a)-
žatenǫrǫ He is your uncle.
[zhah-teh-non-ron]
ž- masculine singular agent + 2nd person singular patient – he – you
-atenǫrǫ verb root – to be uncle to + stative aspect
ežažuˀ He will kill you.
[eh-zha-zhoo-oo]
e- future
-ža- masculine singular agent + 2nd person singular patient
-žu- verb root – to kill
-ˀ punctual aspect
Masculine Singular Agent with 2nd Person Plural Patient -heskw(a)-
eheskwanǫht He will give it to you (p).
[eh-heh-skwah-nonht]
e- future
-heskwa- masculine singular agent + 2nd person plural patient – he – you
-nǫht verb root – to give + punctual aspect
[1] This word often takes -ǫ- rather -u-. Sometimes the partitive -i- comes before the masculine singular agent.