Sleeping
To Sleep: -yęta-
ehutaˀ He will sleep.
[eh-hoo-tah-ah]
e- future
-hu- masculine singular patient ‘he’
-ta[1]– verb root ‘to sleep’
-ˀ transitive root suffix + punctual aspect
waˀtsi ehutaˀ He will sleep elsewhere.
[wah-ah-tsee]
hutaˀwih He is sleeping.
[hoo-tah-ah-weeh]
hu- masculine singular patient ‘he’
-ta- verb root ‘to sleep’
-ˀw- transitive root suffix
-ih stative aspect
Kwižuh sętaˀwih Are you sleeping?
[kwee-zhooh]
sętaˀwih You are sleeping
[sen-tah-ah-weeh]
s- 2nd person singular patient ‘you’
–ęta- verb root ‘to sleep’
-ˀw- transitive root suffix
-ih stative aspect
teayitaˀwih I am not sleeping.
[teh-ah-yee-tah-ah-weeh]
te- negative
-ay- 1st person singular patient ‘I’
-ita- verb root ‘to sleep’
-ˀw- transitive root suffix
-ih stative aspect
ahutaˀ He slept
[ah-hoo-tah-ah]
a- factual
-hu- masculine singular patient ‘he’
-ta- verb root ‘to sleep’
-ˀ transitive root suffix + punctual aspect
tsitaˀ Go to sleep! (talking to one person)
[tsee-tah-ah]
ts- imperative + 2nd person singular agent ‘you (s)’
-ita- verb root ‘to sleep’
-ˀ transitive + imperative aspect
stitaˀ Go to sleep! (talking to more than one person)
[stee-tah-ah]
st- imperative + 2nd person plural agent ‘you (p)’
-ita- verb root ‘to sleep’
-ˀ transitive root suffix + imperative aspect
To awaken, wake up: -e-
aˀyaehk She awoke, awakened.
[ah-ah-yah-ehk]
aˀ- factual
-ya- feminine-zoic singular agent ‘she’
-e- verb root ‘to awaken’
-hk punctual aspect
ahaehk He awoke, awakened.
[ah-hah-ehk]
a- factual
-ha- masculine singular agent ‘he‘
-e- verb root ‘to awaken’
-hk punctual aspect
saehk Wake up (said to one person)!
[sah-ehk]
sa- imperative + 2nd person singular agent ‘you (s)’
-e- verb root ’to wake up‘
-hk imperative aspect
To be Tired: -atǫmę-
ayatǫmęhtih I am made tired by something.
[ah-yah-ton-menh-teeh]
ay- 1st person singular patient ‘I’
-atǫmę- verb root ‘to be tired’
-ht- causative root suffix
-ih stative aspect
aˀyatǫmęh I just became tired.
[ah-ah-yah-ton-menh]
aˀ- factual
-y- 1st person singular agent ‘I’
-atǫmę- verb root ‘to be tired’
-h punctual aspect
To snore: -yǫˀgy– (nose) + -ya- (?)
tehayǫˀgyaya He snores.
[teh-hah-yon-on-gyah-yah
te- dualic
-ha- masculine singular agent ‘he’
-yǫˀgy- noun root ‘nose’
-a- noun suffix
-ya- verb root ‘?’
-h habitual aspect
teyeyǫngyayah I snore
[teh-yeh-yon-gyah-yah]
te- dualic
-ye- 1st person singular agent ‘I’
-yǫˀgy- noun root ‘nose’
-a- noun suffix
-ya- verb root ‘?’
-h habitual aspect
To Dream: -atraˀskwaht-
ayatraˀskwahtih I dreamt, am dreaming.
[ah-yah-trah-ah-skwah-teeh]
ay- 1st person singular patient ‘I’
-atraˀskwaht- verb root ‘to dream’
-ih stative aspect
ahatraˀskwaht de yahǫˀ He dreamt of a swan
the swan
ahatraˀskwaht He dreamt (of it)
[ah-hah-trah-ah-skwaht]
a- factual
-h- masculine singular agent + feminine-zoic singular patient ‘he-it/her’
-atraˀskwaht- verb root ‘to dream’ + punctual aspect
bed: -ndaht-
yandahtaˀ bed (room, space), her bed
[yan-dah-tah-ah]
ya- feminine-zoic singular agent ‘it, her’
-ndaht- noun root ‘bed’
-aˀ noun suffix
undahtažuˀtęh It is a soft bed.
[oon-dah-tah-zhoo-oo-tenh]
u- feminine-zoic singular patient ‘it’
-ndaht- noun root ‘bed’
-a- noun suffix
-žuˀtę- verb root ‘to be soft’
-h stative aspect
undahtayaste It is a hard, firm bed.
[oon-dah-tah-yahs-teh]
u- feminine-zoic ‘it’
-ndaht- noun root ‘bed’
-a- noun suffix
-yaste- verb root ‘to be hard, firm’ + stative aspect
Blanket: -yękwar-
yękwaraˀ blanket, quilt
[yen-kwah-rah-ah]
yękwar- feminine-zoic singular agent ‘it’ + noun root ‘blanket, quilt’
-aˀ noun suffix
yękwarižu It is a large blanket.
[yen-kwah-ree-zhoo]
yękwar- feminine-zoic ‘it’ + noun root ‘blanket, quilt’
-ižu verb root ‘to be large’ + stative aspect
yikwaraˀ my blanket
[yee-kwah-rah-ah]
y- 1st person singular agent ‘my’
-ikwar- noun root ‘blanket, quilt’
-aˀ noun suffix
šikwaraˀ your (s) blanket
[shee-kwah-rah-ah]
š- 2nd person singular agent ‘your (s)’
-ikwar- noun root ‘blanket’
-aˀ noun suffix
ukwarandamęh It is a warm blanket, her warm blanket.
[oo-kwah-ran-dah-menh]
u- feminine-zoic singular patient ‘her, it’
-kwar- noun root ‘blanket’
-a- noun suffix
-ndamę- verb root ‘to be warm’
-h stative aspect
ayikwarandamęh It is my warm blanket.
[ah-yee-kwah-ran-dah-menh]
ay- 1st person singular patient ‘my’
-ikwar- noun root ‘blanket’
a- noun suffix
-ndamę- verb root ‘to be warm’
-h stative aspect
[1] The initial -yę- is dropped with this pronominal prefix.