On, At and In
One of these location indicators is a suffix; the other is a verb
On and At: External Locative Noun Suffix (elns)
It comes either after a noun root of a verb root with a stative aspect.
After a Noun Root
With a noun root the pronominal prefix taken is the patient.
ǫndesaˀyęˀ on her lap
[on-deh-sah-ah-yen-en]
ǫ- feminine-zoic singular patient – her
-ndes- noun root – la
-aˀyęˀ external locative noun suffix
ukažaˀyeh on a wooden chip
[oo-kah-zhah-ah-yeh]
u- feminine-zoic singular patient – it
-kaž- noun root – wooden chip
-aˀyeh external locative noun suffix
ayeˀnǫmąyehat my back
ah-[yeh-eh-non-man-yeh]
aye- 1st person singular patient – my
-ˀnǫm- noun root – back
-ąyeh external locative noun suffix
After a Stative Aspect
atuˀyeh at where it is cold, the north
[ah-too-oo-yeh]
atu- feminine-zoic singular agent – it + verb root – to be cold + stative aspect
-ˀyeh external locative noun suffix
saˀndumędeh at your mother’s
[sah-an-doo-men-deh]
sa- feminine-zoic singular agent – 2nd person singular patient – she – you
-ˀndumę- verb root – to be mother to
-deh external locative noun suffix
He Walks on Water (male name)
amęˀyeh on water
[ah-men-en-yeh]
am- feminine-zoic singular patient – it
-ę- verb root -to be water
-ˀ stative aspect
-yeh external locative noun suffix
amęˀyeh ire He walks on water
on water he walks
Verb Root – to be inside -ayǫ-
In this case we have a verb root and, despite the fact that it only takes the stative aspect, the agent form of the pronominal prefix is always used.
yanǫhskǫˀ inside a house
[yan-onh-skon-on]
ya- feminine-zoic singular agent – it
-nǫhs- noun root – house
–[1]kǫ- verb root – to be inside
-ˀ stative aspect
yasˀetayǫh It is inside a gourd, a bottle.
[yah-seh-eh-tah-yonh]
ya- feminine-zoic singular agent – it
-sˀet- noun root – gourd, bottle
-ayǫ- verb root – to be inside
-h stative aspect
yarǫtayǫh inside a log
[yah-ron-tah-yonh]
ya- feminine-zoic singular agent – it
-rǫt- noun root – tree, log
-ayǫ- verb root – to be inside
-h stative aspect
[1] When the -š- of ‘house’ meets with the -y- of the verb root ‘to be inside’, the result is an -s- followed by a -k-.