Smiling and Laughing
The words for ‘smiling’ and ‘laughing’ in Wyandotte are both derived from the same verb root -es- which can be translated as ‘to be happy’ or ‘to show happiness.’ The last one is suggested as the verb root seems to relate primarily to the signs that people show of being happy.
Smiling
ažesǫ I am smiling .
[ah-zheh-son]
až- 1st person singular patient ‘I’
-es- verb root ‘to show happiness’
-ǫ- distributive root suffix + stative aspect
teˀažesǫ I am not smiling.
[teh-eh-ah-zheh-son]
teˀ- negative
až- 1st person singular patient ‘I’
-es- verb root ‘to show happiness’
-ǫ- distributive root suffix + stative aspect
uwesǫ She is smiling.
[oo-weh-son]
suw- feminine-zoic singular patient ‘he’
–es- verb root ‘to show happiness’
-ǫ- distributive root suffix + stative aspect
uwesǫh She regularly,often smiles
[oo-weh-sonh]
uw- feminine-zoic singular patient ‘she’
–es- verb root ‘to show happiness’
-ǫ- distributive root suffix
-h habitual aspect
aˀuwesǫ She smiled
[ah-ah-oo-weh-son]
aˀ- factual
-uw- feminine-zoic singular patient – ‘she’
–es- verb root ‘to show happiness’
-ǫ- distributive root suffix + punctual aspect
Imperatives
tsesǫ Smile (said to one person).
[tseh-son]
ts- imperative + 2nd person singular agent ‘you’
–es- verb root ‘to show happiness’
-ǫ- distributive root suffix + imperative aspect
tsiesǫ Smile (said to more than one person).
[tsee-eh-son]
tsi- imperative + 2nd person plural agent ‘you (p)’
–es- verb root ‘to show happiness’
-ǫ- distributive root suffix + imperative aspect
Laughing
aˀuwehskwaˀtęˀ She laughed, was caused to show happiness.
[ah-ah-oo-weh-skwah-ah-teh-eh]
aˀ- factual
-uw- feminine-zoic singular patient ‘she’
–es- verb root ‘to show happiness’
-kw- instrumental root suffix
-aˀt- causative root suffix
-ę- dative root suffix
-ˀ punctual aspect
uwehskwaˀtandih She is laughing, caused to show happiness.
[oo-weh-skwah-ah-tan-deeh]
-uw- feminine-zoic singular patient ‘she’
–es- verb root ‘to show happiness’
-kw- instrumental root suffix
-aˀt- causative root suffix
-and- dative root suffix
-ih stative aspect
teˀuwehskwaˀtandih She is not laughing.
[teh-eh-oo-weh-skwah-ah-tan-deeh]
teˀ- negative
-uw- feminine-zoic singular patient ‘she’
–es- verb root ‘to show happiness’
-kw- instrumental root suffix
-aˀt- causative root suffix
-and- dative root suffix
-ih stative aspect
ehuweskwaˀtęh He will laugh, be caused to laugh.
[eh-hoo-weh-skwah-ah-ten]
e- future
-huw- masculine singular patient ‘he’
–es- verb root ‘to show happiness’
-kw- instrumental root suffix
-aˀt- causative root suffix
-ę- dative root suffix
-h punctual aspect
ažeskwaˀtandiˀ I often laugh, am caused to show happiness.
[ah-zheh-skwah-ah-tan-dee-ee]
až- 1st person singular patient ‘I’
–es- verb root ‘to show happiness’
-kw- instrumental root suffix
-aˀt- causative root suffix
-and- dative root suffix
-ik habitual aspect
tseskwaˀtęˀ Laugh! (said to one person)
[tsęh-skwah-ah-ten-en]
ts- imperative + 2nd person singular agent ‘you’
–es- verb root ‘to show happiness’
-kw- instrumental root suffix
-aˀt- causative root suffix
-ę- imperative aspect
tsieskwaˀtęˀ Laugh! (said to more than one person)
[tsee-eh-skwah-ah-ten-en
tsi- imperative + 2nd person plural agent ‘you’
es- verb root ‘to show happiness’
-kw- instrumental root suffix
-aˀt- causative root suffix
-ę- imperative aspect