The Purposive
The purposive aspect contains the idea of intention, prediction or on the way to do something. It often follows the root suffixes dislocative -d- which involves motion or the progressive -(h)aty, which refers to continuing action. It often is accompanied by the factual prefix –a(ˀ), but just as often does not. It is almost always found at the end of a word, in the Narratives taking the forms -eˀ, -eh- -e- or. ˀ
Following the Dislocative -d-
With the Verb Root –nyon– ’to lead or take with‘ (consonant conjugation)
henyǫndeˀ I am leading him, taking him with me.
[hen-yon-deh-eh]
he- first person agent with masculine patient (1 to him)
-nyǫn- verb root ’to lead, take with‘
-d- dislocative root suffix
-eˀ purposive aspect
hunyǫndeˀ He is going to lead him, take him with him.
[hoon-yon-deh-eh]
hu- masculine agent with masculine patient (he to him)
-nyǫn- verb root ’to lead, take with‘
-d- dislocative root suffix
-eˀ purposive aspect
With the verb root -atǫn- ’to become‘ (a- conjugation)
hǫtǫndeˀ They (m) are going to become.
[hon-ton-deh-eh]
hǫ- masculine plural patient ‘they (m)’
-tǫn– verb root ’to become‘
-d- dislocative root suffix
-eˀ purposive aspect
yǫtǫndeˀ They (f) are going to become.
[yon-ton-deh-eh]
yǫ- feminine plural patient ‘they (f)’
-tǫn– verb root ’to become‘
-d- discocative root suffix
-eˀ purposive aspect
Questions #1 – How would you say…
- She is leading him, taking him with her. [-hu- she-him]
- You (s) are leading him, taking him with you. [-hehše- you-him]
- She is going to become (with no addition to the a-conjugation verb).
- He is going to become (with h- as the masculine singular agent)
With the Verb Root -e- ’to come, go, walk‘ (e- conjugation)
tareˀ He is coming here.
[tah-reh-eh]
t- cislocative prefix ‘here’
-a- factual prefix
-r- masculine singular agent ‘he’
-e- verb root ’to come, go, walk‘
-ˀ purposive aspect
tahęndeˀ They (m) are coming here.
[tah-nen-deheh]
t- cislocative prefix ‘here’
-a- factual prefix
-hęnd- masculine plural agent, ‘they (m)’
-e- verb root ’to come, go, walk‘
-ˀ purposive aspect
areˀ He going there.
[ah-reh-eh]
a- translocative prefix ‘there’ + factual prefix
-r- masculine singular agent ‘he’
-e- verb root ’to come, go, walk‘
-ˀ purposive aspect
ahęndeˀ They (m) are going there.
[ah-nen-deh-eh]
a- translocative prefix ‘there’ + factual prefix
-hęnd- masculine plural agent ‘they (m)’
-e- verb root ’to come, go, walk‘
-ˀ purposive aspect
Questions #2 How would you say…
- She is coming here. (feminine singular agent would take -w-)
- They (f) are coming here. (feminine plural agent -węnd-
- She is going there. (feminine singular agent would take -w-)They (f) are going there feminine plural agent -węnd-
With the progressive root aspect -(h)aky-
utemęhakyeˀ She goes running away.
[oo-teh-men-han-kyeh-eh]
u- feminine singular patient ‘she’
-tem- verb root ’to run away, flee‘ (a- conjugation)
-ę- stative aspect
-haky- progressive root suffix
-eˀ purposive aspect
undatemęhakyeˀ They (f) go running away.
[oon-dah-teh-man-ha-kyeh-eh]
unda- feminine plural patient ‘they (f)’
-tem- verb root ’to run away, flee‘
-ę- stative aspect
-haky- progressive root suffix
-eˀ purposive aspect
hatiweyihakyeˀ They (m) are going travelling together.
[hah-tee-weh-yee-hah-kyeh-eh]
hati- masculine plural agent ‘they (m)’
-wey- verb root ‘to be together‘ (consonant conjugation)
-i- stative aspect
-haky- progressive root suffix
-eˀ purposive aspect
skwaweyihakyeˀ You (p) are going travelling together.
[skwah-weh-yee-hah-kyeh-eh]
skwa- second person plural agent ‘you (p)’
-wey- verb root ‘to be together‘
-i- stative aspect
-haky- progressive root suffix
-eˀ purposive aspect
Questions #3 – How would you say?
- He goes running away. (with hu- as masculine singular patient)
- They (m) go running away. (with hund- as masculine plural patient)
- They (f) are going travelling together (with ati- as feminine plural agent)
- We (exclusive) are going travelling together) (kwa- as 1st person exclusive plural agent)
Answers
#1
- hunyǫndeˀ
- hehšenyǫndeˀ
- atǫndeˀ
- hatǫndeˀ
#2
1. taweˀ
2. tawęnde
3. aweˀ
4. awęndeˀ
#3
- hutemęhakyeˀ
- hundatemęhakyeˀ
- atiweyihakyeˀ
- kwaweyihakyeˀ