Adoption
There are two verb roots that can be used with respect to adoption. The first deals with adopting someone as your child, the second can include the traditional practice of adopting someone as an adult as family and as a clan member. This was done with people who were not born into the tribe. Both verbs use the causative-instrumental -st-.
Have as Stepchild, Be Step-parent to: -nduˀa-
hunduʼah She or he is his step-parent, his step-mother, step-child.
[hoon-doo-ooh-ah]
hu- feminine-zoic singular agent or masculine singular agent +
masculine singular patient – she or he – him
-nduˀa- verb root – have as stepchild
-h stative aspect
ahunduʼahstaʼ He or she adopted him, made him a step-child.
[ah-hoon-doo-oo-ah-stah-ah]
a- factual
-hu- feminine-zoic singular agent or masculine singular agent +
masculine singular patient – she or he – him
-nduˀa- verb root – have as stepchild
-st- causative-instrumental root suffix
-aˀ punctual aspect
Be Related to -nǫhǫ–
ažatatenǫhǫh We two (x) are relatives (speaking of a relative)
[ah-zhah-tah-the-nonh-onh]
až- 1st person exclusive dual – we two (x)
-atate- reciprocal voice
-nǫhǫ- verb root – be related to
-h stative aspect
ahunǫhǫst He or she adopted him, made him a relative.
[ah-hoo-non-honst]
a- factual
-hu- feminine-zoic singular agent or masculine singular agent +
masculine singular patient – she or he – him
-nǫhǫ- verb root – be related to
-st causative-instrumental root suffix + punctual aspect